Rethinking the Architect’s Role in the Development of Digital Twins
For many owners, the idea of a digital twin is the holy grail of tomorrow’s high-functioning, sustainable structures—fulfilling that vision is a bit more complicated.
The challenge with digital twins in today’s environment is in its purpose, or more accurately, the definition of its purpose. Each profession eyes it from a different lens. For architects, a digital twin is often perceived as a virtual replica of an as-built constructed condition that can be used for design validation. Engineers likely view it as a dynamic model that integrates engineering data to predict performance and identify issues during design. BIM and VDC teams see it as a central hub containing all connected construction and operational data for various project stakeholders to access.
So, while the goal might be the same—a virtual representation of as-built conditions—each profession’s role and expertise leads to somewhat different perspectives on digital twin development and implementation.
For architects, meeting owner needs now and, in the future, could well depend on a raised awareness of all perspectives in order to facilitate the realization of the possibilities.
A Specification of Purpose
At its essence, a digital twin is a central hub for building data that integrates design, engineering, and operational details in a way that goes well beyond geometry. These digital environments are purpose-built to hold details that range from system specifications and maintenance requirements to real-time analysis of existing operations.
That said, every owner’s perception of a digital twin and its capabilities will vary. For architects, it’s important to have early conversations with owners to understand needs and expectations so that design concepts and coordination with contractors can be tailored accordingly.
Critical to the discussion should be model detail requirements at handover. Ensuring the appropriate level model detail at handover is key to facilitating successful digital twin creation.
The level of development or LOD should be an integral part of any BIM-enabled workflow.
An effective digital twin handoff is all about having a well-thought-out and coordinated discussion on LOD so that you meet the needs of all parties involved. It’s not about just modeling to produce a print set; it’s about all the potential applications. When you know what the BIM uses are then you can clearly define the appropriate LOD to accomplish that goal.
If the owner wants a digital twin that support systems, then the design team will need to embed information about HVAC, plumbing and electrical systems, including equipment performance and specifications. For maintenance purposes, spec sheets on products would be beneficial.
Certainly, BIM execution plans can help any digital delivery workflow to help determine how data is generated, managed, and shared.
A Lifecycle Opportunity
Digital twins have tremendous potential in the built environment from both a sustainability and operational perspective.
With the right planning and communication, digital twin implementation can be achieved while still managing risks. Better yet, pushing design boundaries, such as incorporating more specifications data into models or even planning for sensors into buildings, can be an additional value for clients—and open new revenue opportunities for architects.
Architects can leverage the digital twin not just for as-built verification, but for upfront design validation. Simulations within the model can analyze factors like daylighting, energy use, and occupant comfort, informing design decisions early in the process. Specifying solar analysis data embedded in the BIM model can be used by the digital twin to optimize building orientation and window placement for energy efficiency.
Material properties for thermal performance can inform the digital twin’s lifecycle analysis and suggest areas for improvement. Architects can design with sensor integration in mind, allowing the digital twin to collect real-time data on building performance. Additionally, incorporating data on prefabrication and modularity can streamline construction workflows and enhance the digital twin’s representation of the building process.
The development and advancement of digital twins is only going to rise. Architects hold the first touch, and possibly the last, when it comes to the development of practical and purposeful digital twins. It’s time for architects to leverage that position.
U.S. CAD, An ARKANCE Company helps firms drive better business and project outcomes by maximizing the value of their technology investments. Learn about our technology consulting services.
###
